{"id":1445,"date":"2021-05-27T02:53:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T02:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/?p=1445"},"modified":"2025-09-16T08:21:02","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T08:21:02","slug":"complete-patent-specification","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification","title":{"rendered":"Patent Drafting: Complete Patent Specification Elements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When it comes to filing a patent application, the goal is simple \u2013 to clearly explain the patent examiner what your invention is and how it can be used. Patent Specification, a document through which an inventor discloses the details of his invention, plays a crucial role in fulfilling the aforementioned aspect. Complete Patent specification significantly influence the possibility of a successful patent grant. The following article discusses various elements that are critical to the <a href=\"https:\/\/patentdraftingcatalyst.com\/\">drafting of patent specifications.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db592361fff\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db592361fff\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification\/#Patent_Specification_and_Its_Importance\" >Patent Specification and Its Importance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification\/#Drafting_Specifications_Based_on_Type_of_Patent_Application\" >Drafting Specifications Based on Type of Patent Application<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification\/#Elements_of_Complete_Patent_Specification\" >Elements of Complete Patent Specification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification\/#How_to_Draft_Error-free_Patent_Specifications\" >How to Draft Error-free Patent Specifications?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/complete-patent-specification\/#Having_Queries_Contact_Us_Now\" >Having Queries? Contact Us Now!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Patent_Specification_and_Its_Importance\"><\/span><strong>Patent Specification and Its Importance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A patent specification can be defined as a highly technical and legal document that discloses the invention to the public along with the best method of performing it. The language and the content of the patent specification has to be such that it enables the person ordinarily skilled in the art to practice the invention. Secondly, patent specifications should identify the subject matter over which the patent owner intends to claim exclusivity. The language of the document is generally full of technical and legal jargon as it contains scientific details of the invention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patent specifications must be drafted carefully from both legal and technical perspective. If the document does not sufficiently disclose the means to recreate the invention, the owner of the patent stands the risk of losing the grant. Similarly, if the scope of the invention is not defined accurately, it allows competitors to circumvent the patent and benefit from it. Therefore, one needs to draft technically sound patent specifications with due care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/patent-drafting-non-obviousness-requirement\/\">Critical Aspects of Patent Drafting in View of \u2018Non-Obviousness Requirement\u2019<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drafting_Specifications_Based_on_Type_of_Patent_Application\"><\/span><strong>Drafting Specifications Based on Type of Patent Application<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" style=\"list-style-type:1\">\n<li><strong>Provisional Patent Application:<\/strong> This type of patent application is filed by an applicant only to secure a patent filing date with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)<\/a>. It is filed when the inventor needs more time to perfect his\/her invention. While filing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/patents\/basics\/types-patent-applications\/provisional-application-patent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">provisional application<\/a>, the applicant is required to file only provisional patent specifications, which broadly, though not completely, disclose the inventive concept.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Provisional Patent Application:<\/strong> Also known as a regular patent application, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/patents\/basics\/types-patent-applications\/nonprovisional-utility-patent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">non-provisional patent application<\/a> is filed within 12 months of filing a provisional application to secure patent rights for an invention. Regular patent application must include a complete specification of patent wherein the applicant discloses all details of an invention in a sufficiently clear and complete manner. In contrast to the provisional specifications, complete specification concludes at least one claim for which the protection is sought.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Elements_of_Complete_Patent_Specification\"><\/span><strong>Elements of Complete Patent Specification<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that the demarcation between the provisional and complete patent specification is clear, this section of the article explains the elements of the latter and how they should be drafted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Complete-Patent-Specification-Elements-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Complete-Patent-Specification-Elements-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Complete-Patent-Specification-Elements-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Complete-Patent-Specification-Elements-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Complete-Patent-Specification-Elements-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Complete-Patent-Specification-Elements.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Title:<\/strong> The first part of the complete patent specification should be the title of the invention. The applicant\/patent agent must ensure that it fairly captures specific features of the invention. Secondly, the title shouldn\u2019t include abbreviations, the word \u201cpatent\u201d, etc. It must clearly spell the objective of the invention and should be between 10-15 words.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Field of Invention:<\/strong> This is the section that highlights general and specific fields in which the subject matter of the invention falls. The field of invention helps the examiner to decide which search fields he\/she can look into to find similar published technology, if any. This portion of the specification should ideally start with a general statement on invention to indicate the subject matter that the invention is related to.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Background:<\/strong> This section briefly discusses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uspto.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/May%20Info%20Chat%20slides%20%28003%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">prior arts<\/a> and their drawbacks or disadvantages, if any. The main objective behind providing this information is to distinguish the invention at hand from the ones that are already being practiced in the targeted industry. The background section sets the stage for describing the invention in detail at a later stage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Summary<\/strong>: As the name suggests, summary gives a gist of the invention \u2013 its nature, objective, composition and operation. Most importantly, summary of the invention should come before the description of the claimed invention. Furthermore, the summary briefly mentions solutions to the problems talked about in the background section.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brief Description of Drawings, if any:<\/strong> Though not mandatory, patent applications often include drawings\/flowcharts\/figures to visually describe the invention, helping examiner to understand the innovation better. So this section presents a brief overview of the drawings. As per the guidelines of the USPTO, the figures should be clean black-and-white line drawings that accurately illustrate the invention.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Detailed Description<\/strong>: This section focuses on providing sufficient details of the invention, including the structural details, how it is used, its objectives and advantages. Solutions achieved by the invention are covered in depth in this section. Most importantly, the detailed description should be provided in a manner that any person with ordinary skill in the art is able to practice the invention. Furthermore, this part may also include examples explaining the overall working of the invention in different environments and possible variations. Also, the description is written from a perspective that every claim is sufficiently enabled.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The complete specification of patent includes an abstract that gives technical information about the invention. Essentially, it\u2019s a summary of the matter in the patent specification. The abstract should not be more than 150 words.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Claim(s):<\/strong> To say the least, claims section is the most critical part of a patent application. This is because the patentability of an invention is determined by them. Claims clearly lay out the scope of the invention for which protection is sought. Claims should cover important aspects of the invention, such as novelty. This section should be written in a manner to provide the broadest possible coverage and protection for the invention, while remaining novel and non-obvious in light of the existing technologies or art.<br><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Drawings: <\/strong>A patent specification document also contains drawings that help in aiding the examiner\u2019s understanding of theinvention. Drawings can be diagrams, flowcharts or figures with numeral labeling that identify components or features of the invention described in the claims and detailed description.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/background-writing-drafting-a-patent-application\/\">4 Best Practices for Background Writing While Drafting a Patent Application<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Draft_Error-free_Patent_Specifications\"><\/span><strong>How to Draft Error-free Patent Specifications<\/strong>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Avoid Beating Around the Bush<\/strong>: One of the goals while drafting patent specifications is to eliminate ambiguity. As, it poses a challenge during prosecution. The patent drafter must strike a balance between writing information in detail and keeping it specific at the same time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stick to Patent Trademark Office (PTO) Guidelines: <\/strong>Patent offices in various jurisdictions may have their own guidelines for patent drafting. So it is vital to follow them right from the beginning of the drafting process. Additionally, special attention should be given to maintaining the order\/sequence of the elements while drafting specifications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Seek Professional Assistance: <\/strong>Businesses should never hesitate to <a href=\"https:\/\/patentdraftingcatalyst.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">seek professional assistance<\/a> from strategic intellectual property (IP) partners who hold technical and legal prowess in various domains. Furthermore, such IP partners are well-versed with the guidelines of PTOs in various jurisdictions. They provide cost-effective and timely drafting solutions without compromising on quality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After reading this article, it can be concluded that patent specification is the face of an invention. It helps patent examiners to understand the innovation. That is why drafting the complete specification of patent accurately should be the prime focus of a patent applicant\/practitioner. While businesses may choose to work on it by themselves, strategic partners\/patent agents make the job relatively easier by helping applicants to prepare a meticulous patent draft that fetches a grant for the invention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Explore insights on complete patent specification with SagaciousElevate. Our expertise in <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/utility-patent-drawings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">utility patent drawings services<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/trademark-search\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">trademark search services<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/trademark-monitoring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">trademark monitoring services<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/patentability-search\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">patentability search services<\/a> ensures you stay ahead with reliable IP solutions. Partner with us today to safeguard, manage, and maximize your intellectual assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-The Editorial Team<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Having_Queries_Contact_Us_Now\"><\/span>Having Queries? Contact Us Now!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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id='input_203_17' class='large gfield_select'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" ><option value='' >Please Select Country<\/option><option value='United States' >United States<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='United Kingdom' >United Kingdom<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='North Korea' >North Korea<\/option><option value='South korea' >South korea<\/option><option value='United Arab Emirates' >United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Australia' >Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' >Austria<\/option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='The Bahamas' >The Bahamas<\/option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados<\/option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus<\/option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium<\/option><option value='Belize' >Belize<\/option><option value='Benin' >Benin<\/option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia<\/option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana<\/option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil<\/option><option value='Brunei' >Brunei<\/option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria<\/option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi<\/option><option value='Cabo Verde' >Cabo Verde<\/option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia<\/option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon<\/option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic<\/option><option value='Chad' >Chad<\/option><option value='Chile' >Chile<\/option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia<\/option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros<\/option><option value='Congo' >Congo<\/option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire' >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire<\/option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia<\/option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba<\/option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus<\/option><option value='Czech Republic' >Czech Republic<\/option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark<\/option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica<\/option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic<\/option><option value='East Timor (Timor-Leste)' >East Timor (Timor-Leste)<\/option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador<\/option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt<\/option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador<\/option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial Guinea<\/option><option value='Eritrea' >Eritrea<\/option><option value='Estonia' >Estonia<\/option><option value='Eswatini' >Eswatini<\/option><option value='Ethiopia' >Ethiopia<\/option><option value='Fiji' >Fiji<\/option><option value='Finland' >Finland<\/option><option value='France' >France<\/option><option value='Gabon' >Gabon<\/option><option value='The Gambia' >The Gambia<\/option><option value='Georgia' >Georgia<\/option><option value='Germany' >Germany<\/option><option value='Ghana' >Ghana<\/option><option value='Greece' >Greece<\/option><option value='Grenada' >Grenada<\/option><option value='Guatemala' >Guatemala<\/option><option value='Guinea' >Guinea<\/option><option value='Guinea-Bissau' >Guinea-Bissau<\/option><option value='Guyana' >Guyana<\/option><option value='Haiti' >Haiti<\/option><option value='Honduras' >Honduras<\/option><option value='Hungary' >Hungary<\/option><option value='Iceland' >Iceland<\/option><option value='Indonesia' >Indonesia<\/option><option value='Iran' >Iran<\/option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq<\/option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland<\/option><option value='Israel' >Israel<\/option><option value='Italy' >Italy<\/option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica<\/option><option value='Japan' >Japan<\/option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan<\/option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya<\/option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='Kosovo' >Kosovo<\/option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait<\/option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='Laos' >Laos<\/option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia<\/option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon<\/option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia<\/option><option value='Libya' >Libya<\/option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania<\/option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi<\/option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia<\/option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives<\/option><option value='Mali' >Mali<\/option><option value='Malta' >Malta<\/option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands<\/option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania<\/option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius<\/option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico<\/option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia<\/option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova<\/option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco<\/option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia<\/option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco<\/option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='Myanmar (Burma)' >Myanmar (Burma)<\/option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia<\/option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru<\/option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal<\/option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands<\/option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand<\/option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='Niger' >Niger<\/option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='North Macedonia' >North Macedonia<\/option><option value='Norway' >Norway<\/option><option value='Oman' >Oman<\/option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='Palau' >Palau<\/option><option value='Panama' >Panama<\/option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='Peru' >Peru<\/option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines<\/option><option value='Poland' >Poland<\/option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal<\/option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar<\/option><option value='Romania' >Romania<\/option><option value='Russia' >Russia<\/option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint Lucia<\/option><option value='Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/option><option value='Samoa' >Samoa<\/option><option value='San Marino' >San Marino<\/option><option value='Sao Tome and Principe' >Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value='Saudi Arabia' >Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value='Senegal' >Senegal<\/option><option value='Serbia' >Serbia<\/option><option value='Seychelles' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='Sierra Leone' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='Singapore' >Singapore<\/option><option value='Slovakia' >Slovakia<\/option><option value='Slovenia' >Slovenia<\/option><option value='Solomon Islands' >Solomon Islands<\/option><option value='Somalia' >Somalia<\/option><option value='South Africa' >South Africa<\/option><option value='Spain' >Spain<\/option><option value='Sri Lanka' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='Sudan' >Sudan<\/option><option value='South Sudan' >South Sudan<\/option><option value='Suriname' >Suriname<\/option><option value='Sweden' >Sweden<\/option><option value='Switzerland' >Switzerland<\/option><option value='Syria' >Syria<\/option><option value='Taiwan' >Taiwan<\/option><option value='Tajikistan' >Tajikistan<\/option><option value='Tanzania' >Tanzania<\/option><option value='Thailand' >Thailand<\/option><option value='Togo' >Togo<\/option><option value='Tonga' >Tonga<\/option><option value='Trinidad and Tobago' >Trinidad and Tobago<\/option><option value='Tunisia' >Tunisia<\/option><option value='Turkey' >Turkey<\/option><option value='Turkmenistan' >Turkmenistan<\/option><option value='Tuvalu' >Tuvalu<\/option><option value='Uganda' >Uganda<\/option><option value='Ukraine' >Ukraine<\/option><option value='Uruguay' >Uruguay<\/option><option value='Uzbekistan' >Uzbekistan<\/option><option value='Vanuatu' >Vanuatu<\/option><option value='Vatican City' >Vatican City<\/option><option value='Venezuela' >Venezuela<\/option><option value='Vietnam' >Vietnam<\/option><option value='Yemen' >Yemen<\/option><option value='Zambia' 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