{"id":23740,"date":"2021-10-20T07:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T07:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/?p=23740"},"modified":"2022-06-30T06:15:39","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T06:15:39","slug":"ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid","title":{"rendered":"IPWatchdog &#8211; Ten Common Patent Claim Drafting Mistakes to Avoid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cIt is always advisable to identify or avoid claim drafting mistakes \u2013 whether stylistic or grammatical \u2013 before they put the patent owner at a disadvantage.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/claims-warning-Depositphotos_53536737_xl-2015copy.jpg?resize=450%2C558\" alt=\"https:\/\/depositphotos.com\/53536737\/stock-photo-claims-warning-sign-illustration-design.html\" class=\"wp-image-101363\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Drafting a patent application is a complex task that involves dealing with several critical components of the patent application. If one must ask any patent attorney about the crucial aspect of a patent draft, the answer will always be \u201cthe claims\u201d. Even the simplest of mistakes in claims can pose risk to a patent application. In light of this, the following article highlights some potential pitfalls to avoid while drafting patent claims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db8dab76229\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db8dab76229\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid\/#So_What_are_Patent_Claims\" >So, What are Patent Claims?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid\/#Ten_Pitfalls_to_Avoid\" >Ten Pitfalls to Avoid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid\/#The_Heart_of_a_Patent\" >The Heart of a Patent<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"So_What_are_Patent_Claims\"><\/span>So, What are Patent Claims?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Claims act as a boundary of patents \u2013 defining the patentee\u2019s monopoly over the invention. They should inform the public of the limits of the monopoly asserted during the life of a patent. It helps others to know which features can\/cannot be safely used or manufactured without a license. That is why it is always advisable to identify or avoid claim drafting mistakes \u2013 whether stylistic or grammatical \u2013 before they put the patent owner at a disadvantage.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/drafting-1.png?resize=1010%2C491\" alt=\"\" width=\"740\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/drafting-1.png?w=1010&amp;ssl=1 1010w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/drafting-1.png?resize=300%2C146&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/drafting-1.png?resize=768%2C373&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/drafting-1.png?resize=250%2C122&amp;ssl=1 250w\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ten_Pitfalls_to_Avoid\"><\/span>Ten Pitfalls to Avoid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Violations of Claim Grammar<\/strong>: The legal and customary requirement of the claim structure stipulates that \u201ca claim is a single sentence\u201d. The structure should begin with a capital letter and have a period in the end \u2013 and those must be the&nbsp;only&nbsp;capital letters or periods in the claim. In addition, many patent drafters break the claim into subsections ending up with semicolons. The second last subsection usually ought to have an \u201cand\u201d at the end.Furthermore, when an element or a part is introduced in the claim for the first time, it should be preceded by the indefinite article (\u201ca\u201d or \u201can\u201d). Thereafter, the element or part is preceded by a definite article (\u201cthe\u201d) or by (\u201csaid\u201d).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>Claiming a Result<\/strong>: Inventors secure patent grants on the basis of the invention and not its result. This is because they cannot claim a result but only the apparatus or method that accomplishes that result.<\/li><li><strong>Focusing only on the Independent Claim:<\/strong>Drafters invest so much time and effort in writing the independent claims that they end up spending lesser time on formulating dependent claims. While that may be necessary, it is important to focus on dependent claims adequately as they have their unique purpose. When independent claims get rejected, drafters insert the limitations of the dependent claim into the independent claim.<\/li><li><strong>Avoid Use of \u201cMeans-Plus-Function\u201d Language:&nbsp;<\/strong>The means-plus-function language adds limitations and narrows the claims by excluding all the equivalents that are not known at the time of disclosure. That is why it is preferred and recommended to avoid \u201cmeans-plus-function language\u201d. However, if one still wants to use it, one must make sure to list every possible variation of the \u201cmeans\u201d into the specifications.<\/li><li><strong>Claiming too Broadly:<\/strong>Claims should be broad, however, there is a limit. Too broad claims apply to other devices or methods that fall under prior art. For example, let\u2019s consider an invention that is an improvement in a wrench using a rack-and-pinion arrangement for adjusting the jaws. It might seem broader to claim \u201ca rack and pinion\u201d rather than \u201ca wrench comprising a jaw with a rack, and a rotatable pinion gear engaged with the rack.\u201d But this will be counterproductive.Our invention is not a rack and pinion. By claiming it, one has selected a claim broader than one is entitled to. The examiner may cite automotive steering against the invention, and that will be the right ground for rejection. Instead, claiming a wrench using the rack and pinion will narrow down the focus to tools, and the claim will have higher chances of approval.<\/li><li><strong>Inconsistent Terminology:<\/strong>The claims should always be drafted consistently. Claims containing inconsistent claim terms can result in unintended consequences during patent litigation. For example, if a motor has been recited in the claims, the drafter should not refer to \u2018the motor\u2019 with different nomenclature.Similarly, it is also advisable not to describe additional details of an element while referring to it. For example, if \u201ca gear\u201d has been recited, it would be improper to refer back to it as \u201cthe plastic gear\u201d or \u201cthe drive gear\u201d. This will add an \u201cindirect limitation\u201d on the claimed element.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"7\"><li><strong>Wrong Choice of Transition Phrase:&nbsp;<\/strong>The transition phrase is used between the preamble and the body of the claim. Each word has a special meaning that can severely affect the claims if used wrongly. For example: \u201cComprising\u201d or \u201cComprises\u201d are open-ended transition phrases, and include the following elements without excluding others. It is a preferred transitional word and is recommended for use in most cases.<\/li><li><strong>Avoid Using Trademarks in Claims:&nbsp;<\/strong>It is advised to use generic names rather than trademarks in claims. Trademarks only indicate a particular product or service and not the description of the product. In addition, the product made under the given trademark may change over time, but the generic description of the product remains the same.<\/li><li><strong>Overuse of Adjectives:<\/strong>Overuse of adjectives tends to over-describe the invention, restricting the scope of the claims. Therefore, unnecessary adjectives must be avoided while drafting claims.<\/li><li><strong>Keywords&nbsp;to&nbsp;Avoid in the&nbsp;Claims:<\/strong>The use of words, such as, exactly, can, could, must, might, prior art, large, small, heavy, above, below, right, left, etc., should be avoided in the claims as a best practice.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Heart_of_a_Patent\"><\/span>The Heart of a Patent<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Claim drafting is a nuanced task that benefits from professional experience. Claims represent \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/edocs\/mdocs\/aspac\/en\/wipo_ip_phl_16\/wipo_ip_phl_16_t9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the heart of the patent application<\/a>\u201d and, when drafted accurately, adequately define the scope of protection provided to an invention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Originally published on: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/2021\/10\/20\/ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-avoid\/id=139032\/#\">https:\/\/www.ipwatchdog.com\/2021\/10\/20\/ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-avoid\/id=139032\/#<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cIt is always advisable to identify or avoid claim drafting mistakes \u2013 whether stylistic or grammatical \u2013 before they put the patent owner at a disadvantage.\u201d Drafting a patent application is a complex task&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"coauthors":[983],"class_list":["post-23740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-media-spotlights"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IPWatchdog - Ten Common Patent Claim Drafting Mistakes to Avoid - Sagacious IP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Drafting a patent application is a complex task that involves dealing with several critical components of the patent application.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IPWatchdog - Ten Common Patent Claim Drafting Mistakes to Avoid - Sagacious IP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Drafting a patent application is a complex task that involves dealing with several critical components of the patent application.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sagacious IP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-20T07:01:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-30T06:15:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Article-Banners-66.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2119\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1211\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vilas Karnake\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vilas Karnake\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/ip-watchdog-ten-common-patent-claim-drafting-mistakes-to-avoid\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Vilas Karnake\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/ee18415b4ec48919d929dd9732c9749f\"},\"headline\":\"IPWatchdog &#8211; 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