{"id":24970,"date":"2022-08-17T19:32:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T19:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/?p=24970"},"modified":"2023-03-28T12:19:51","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T12:19:51","slug":"o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet","title":{"rendered":"O-RAN IP Filing Trends: Building a Faster Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>O-RAN, short for Open Radio Access Network, is a concept focusing on the standardization and interoperability of RAN components, including a unified connectivity standard for white-box hardware and open-source software from various vendors. It fulfills the low latency and high-reliability requirements of 5G applications, making it ideal for deployment at the network edge. Several companies from all over the world are innovating in the space to make the most of the many opportunities available here. O-RAN IP filing trends also indicate a rise in innovation in the field and its widening application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article discusses O-RAN, its market, innovations in the domain as well as O-RAN IP filing trends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0901274287\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0901274287\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#What_is_O-RAN\" >What is O-RAN?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#Main_Building_Blocks_of_O-RAN\" >Main Building Blocks of O-RAN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#The_O-RAN_Alliance\" >The O-RAN Alliance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#General_Market_Research\" >General Market Research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#IP_Filing_Trends_in_O-RAN\" >IP Filing Trends in O-RAN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/o-ran-ip-filing-trends-building-a-faster-internet\/#Having_Queries_Contact_Us_Now\" >Having Queries? Contact Us Now!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_O-RAN\"><\/span>What is O-RAN?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before diving into O-RAN, it is critical to first understand what RAN is. Radio Access Network, also known as traditional RAN, is mainly used for mobile networks containing base stations. It helps mobile devices connect to the core network via radio access technologies, such as 4G and 5G. Traditional RAN is generally subject to only one vendor taking control of all the entities involved.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Architecture-of-RAN-1.png\" alt=\"architecture-o-ran\" class=\"wp-image-24974\" width=\"466\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Architecture-of-RAN-1.png 442w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Architecture-of-RAN-1-300x183.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 1: The Architecture of RAN or Traditional Radio Access Network (<a href=\"https:\/\/telcocloudbridge.com\/blog\/c-ran-vs-cloud-ran-vs-vran-vs-o-ran\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Source<\/a>)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>However, O-RAN is quite different from its old version and embodies the idea of standardization. The O-RAN architecture and specifications are built on common standards and focus on alignment with other industry bodies to ensure compatibility. The industry bodies include 3GPP, GSMA, the Telecom Infra Project, ETSI, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Open-RAN, the RAN functions are divided and can be performed by different vendors. These functions are categorized into O-CU (Central Unit), O-DU (Distributed Unit), O-RU (Remote Unit), and RIC (Radio Intelligent Controller). In a standard RAN architecture, the control plane processing is separated from the user plane processing. Similar is the scenario in Open-RAN. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 2 (below) shows the split of functions in the lower layer, i.e., within the physical layer, where some lower layer functions are carried out in the O-RU and the others in the O-DU. These entities in O-RAN are called E2 nodes\/logical nodes.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/different-logical-nodes-in-O-Ran-system-1.png\" alt=\"different-logical-nodes\" class=\"wp-image-24977\" width=\"501\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/different-logical-nodes-in-O-Ran-system-1.png 1007w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/different-logical-nodes-in-O-Ran-system-1-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/different-logical-nodes-in-O-Ran-system-1-768x229.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 2: Different Logical Nodes in the O-RAN System (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=otlUOgwitmU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Source<\/a>)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Here, the O-DU is responsible for hosting RLC, and MAC \u2013 the higher physical layer \u2013 based on a lower layer functional split. The O-RU is a logical node that hosts the lower physical layer, and the RF processing, based on the lower layer functional split. The O-CU is the node hosting the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP protocols. The O-CU-UP is a logical node that hosts the user-plane part of the PDCP protocol and the SDAP protocol, and the O-CU-CP is the logical node that hosts the RRC and the control-plane part of the PDCP protocol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Main_Building_Blocks_of_O-RAN\"><\/span>Main Building Blocks of O-RAN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 3 (below) shows all the main building blocks of the O-RAN system. Above all the logical nodes mentioned earlier is the Radio Intelligent Controller (RIC), which is divided into two parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Near-Real-Time RIC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Non-Real-Time RIC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The higher layer \u2013 Non-Real-Time RIC \u2013 acts as a self-organizing network function, and deals with automation (ML\/<a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/understanding-artificial-intelligence-and-the-need-to-patent-ai-inventions\/\">AI<\/a>), policy-based guidance of the features in Near-Real-Time RIC and RAN elements, and resources optimization. The Near-Real-Time RIC handles functions like mobility management, traffic steering, interference management, spectrum management, and so forth. The O-DU (in the MAC domain) handles the other real-time radio resource management functions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Main-Building-Blocks-of-O-RAN-1.png\" alt=\"main-building-blocks-o-ran\" class=\"wp-image-24990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Main-Building-Blocks-of-O-RAN-1.png 1018w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Main-Building-Blocks-of-O-RAN-1-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Main-Building-Blocks-of-O-RAN-1-768x459.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 3: Main Building Blocks of O-RAN (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metaswitch.com\/knowledge-center\/reference\/what-is-an-open-radio-access-network-o-ran\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Source<\/a>)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Within the Near-Real-Time RIC, there are X-apps, a set of applications. These applications may be provided by third-party or different vendors; monitoring specific functions, such as interference management, mobility management, etc. Then there is the SMO, the Service Management and Orchestration Framework responsible for controlling the layers below. It can help the Non-Real-Time RIC to maintain the Near-Real-Time RICF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The O-Cloud in this system is the cloud computing platform of the O-RAN architecture. It consists of the nodes that can host the ORAN functions (i.e., the purple, orange, and blue nodes and the RICs in Figure 3). This entity can help in automated deployment, scaling, and better optimization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_O-RAN_Alliance\"><\/span>The O-RAN Alliance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The O-RAN alliance was established in 2018 by AT&amp;T, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, NTT DOCOMO, and Orange to build RAN solutions based on general-purpose vendor-neutral hardware and software-defined technology. It is a community of mobile operators, vendors, and research &amp; academic institutions operating in the Radio Access Network industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Market_Research\"><\/span>General Market Research<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent market reports mention Alium, a patent pool for licensing in the Open-RAN infrastructure area. MPEG LA and Unified Patents jointly formed it to help patent owners license patents necessary to make a radio unit in the O-RAN space. A total of eleven patent owners have joined Alium\u2019s Open RAN licensing group. The list includes Acer, AT&amp;T Intellectual Property, CableLabs, Comcast, Godo Kaisha IP Bridge 1, Koninklijke Philips, Meta, Mitsubishi Electric, Pantech, SK Telecom, and Verizon Patent and Licensing. More companies are expected to join the pool in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ericsson, Nokia, and Huawei, along with other significant players like Intel and Qualcomm, have joined the O-RAN space. In the Asia-Pacific region, companies such as Reliance <a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/companies\/jio-explores-5g-use-cases-undertakes-trial-runs-of-over-25-applications-122072001298_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Jio<\/a> in India are building their 5G network based on the Open RAN technology. Some companies that could be part of the Jio 5G ecosystem include SignalChip, Saankhya Labs, Tejas Networks, Sterlite Technologies, and VVDN Technologies. Rakuten recently launched 4G and 5G commercial services based on Open-RAN architecture in Japan, using multiple vendor radios. The key vendors here include Altiostar, Cisco, Nokia, Intel, Qualcomm, Mavenir, Tech Mahindra, Viavi, Airspan, and so on. On the other side, Vodafone is partnering with more than 20 chip vendors to advance the Open-RAN processors\u2019 development at its European R&amp;D center in Spain. Intel, Qualcomm, Broadcom, ARM, and Lime are among Vodafone\u2019s various partners in this project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_Filing_Trends_in_O-RAN\"><\/span>IP Filing Trends in O-RAN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand the intellectual property aspect of this technology, Sagacious IP performed an extensive study of the companies that have invested in O-RAN patent filings. Since the O-RAN Alliance was founded in 2018, we have tried to capture patent\/IP filing trends since then. Of course, there would be patents available before 2018 that would support the O-RAN technology. However, an immensely extensive study would be required to evaluate all those patent prospects and the subsequent IP filing trends. Here, we have focused on only those patents that could be relevant to the O-RAN space with the priority year 2018 or later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure 4 shows the number of patent families based on priority-year-wise distribution. As can be seen, the number of patent filings in the O-RAN space has increased since 2019. Moreover, the data for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 would not be very accurate since it takes about 18 months in general for a patent application to be published in the public domain. Figure 5 shows the number of granted and pending patent applications with the priority year 2018 or later.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-Patent-Families-in-O-RAN-Space-from-2018-to-2022-1.jpg\" alt=\"patent-families-o-ran-space\" class=\"wp-image-24991\" width=\"432\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-Patent-Families-in-O-RAN-Space-from-2018-to-2022-1.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-Patent-Families-in-O-RAN-Space-from-2018-to-2022-1-300x254.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-Patent-Families-in-O-RAN-Space-from-2018-to-2022-1-1024x867.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-Patent-Families-in-O-RAN-Space-from-2018-to-2022-1-768x650.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 4: Number of Patent Families in O-RAN Space from 2018 to 2022<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-granted-and-pending-patents-in-the-O-RAN-space-1.jpg\" alt=\"number-granted-pending-patents\" class=\"wp-image-24992\" width=\"407\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-granted-and-pending-patents-in-the-O-RAN-space-1.jpg 792w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-granted-and-pending-patents-in-the-O-RAN-space-1-300x270.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Number-of-granted-and-pending-patents-in-the-O-RAN-space-1-768x691.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 5: Number of granted and pending patents in the O-RAN space<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The below bar shows assignee-based filing (top 12) of patent families in the O-RAN space. Samsung, Ericsson, Intel, Qualcomm, Nokia, and Huawei dominate these IP filing trends with the priority year 2018 or later.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1378\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-12-Assignees-for-Patent-Filing-in-the-O-RAN-Space.jpg\" alt=\"assignees-patent-filing\" class=\"wp-image-24993\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-12-Assignees-for-Patent-Filing-in-the-O-RAN-Space.jpg 1378w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-12-Assignees-for-Patent-Filing-in-the-O-RAN-Space-300x132.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-12-Assignees-for-Patent-Filing-in-the-O-RAN-Space-1024x451.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-12-Assignees-for-Patent-Filing-in-the-O-RAN-Space-768x338.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1378px) 100vw, 1378px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 6:<\/strong> <strong>Top 12 Assignees for Patent Filing in the O-RAN Space<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The figure below shows jurisdiction-based filing (top 11) of patents in the O-RAN space. The US, China, Europe, India, Korea, and WIPO dominate the filing for O-RAN patents with the priority year 2018 or later.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1257\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-11-Jurisdictions-for-O-RAN-Patent-Filings-1.jpg\" alt=\"jurisdictions-o-ran-patent-filings\" class=\"wp-image-24994\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-11-Jurisdictions-for-O-RAN-Patent-Filings-1.jpg 1257w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-11-Jurisdictions-for-O-RAN-Patent-Filings-1-300x132.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-11-Jurisdictions-for-O-RAN-Patent-Filings-1-1024x451.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Top-11-Jurisdictions-for-O-RAN-Patent-Filings-1-768x338.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1257px) 100vw, 1257px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 7: Top 11 Jurisdictions for O-RAN Patent Filings (Source: Secondary Research and Indicative Patent Analysis)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The O-RAN sphere seems to be growing exponentially due to its flexibility to provide interoperability between vendors. With companies such as Nokia, Samsung, and Ericsson, along with various operators such as Orange, AT&amp;T, and Vodafone adopting the technology, it has become significant deployment in the evolving telecom world. Further, a very bright scope can be seen in the direction of standard-essential patent implementation by various operators or vendors supporting or working on this <a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/alium-introduces-open-ran-patent-040100946.html?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFB6tVLBqsMPdOG9Mcp8f56TiMBxUyWX2GQHiiCKNjW7ALcriu8mwbY8KKrwcCVyt8g-DEnLHUSNW2heLaxzWcOJFqvP2rzeaXL-0jB8RPvmTYMLkM_GdvbIosUHQqBRiPZB12o-S1Xil8XwjFM_-T9CTgW1Q6JmKrfbLXHuhIGK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">technology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sagacious IP, a leading provider of IP research services, helps create patent-worthy inventions. Whether you are innovating in the O-RAN space or any other industry altogether, our team of IP experts can help you with <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/technology-scouting\">technology scouting<\/a>, a method of technology forecasting to help achieve goals, and <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/patent-licensing-monetization\">patent licensing &amp; monetization<\/a> to help generate revenue. Furthermore, our <a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/patent-landscape-analysis-search-report\">patent landscape search<\/a> service can help you understand how a technology or industry is evolving. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Pusparna Pathak (ICT Licensing) and the Editorial Team<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Having_Queries_Contact_Us_Now\"><\/span>Having Queries? Contact Us Now!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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id='input_203_17' class='large gfield_select'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" ><option value='' >Please Select Country<\/option><option value='United States' >United States<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='United Kingdom' >United Kingdom<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='North Korea' >North Korea<\/option><option value='South korea' >South korea<\/option><option value='United Arab Emirates' >United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Australia' >Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' 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value='Iran' >Iran<\/option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq<\/option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland<\/option><option value='Israel' >Israel<\/option><option value='Italy' >Italy<\/option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica<\/option><option value='Japan' >Japan<\/option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan<\/option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya<\/option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='Kosovo' >Kosovo<\/option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait<\/option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='Laos' >Laos<\/option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia<\/option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon<\/option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia<\/option><option value='Libya' >Libya<\/option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania<\/option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi<\/option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia<\/option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives<\/option><option value='Mali' >Mali<\/option><option value='Malta' >Malta<\/option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands<\/option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania<\/option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius<\/option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico<\/option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia<\/option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova<\/option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco<\/option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia<\/option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco<\/option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='Myanmar (Burma)' >Myanmar (Burma)<\/option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia<\/option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru<\/option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal<\/option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands<\/option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand<\/option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='Niger' >Niger<\/option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='North Macedonia' >North Macedonia<\/option><option value='Norway' >Norway<\/option><option value='Oman' >Oman<\/option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='Palau' >Palau<\/option><option value='Panama' >Panama<\/option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='Peru' >Peru<\/option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines<\/option><option value='Poland' >Poland<\/option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal<\/option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar<\/option><option value='Romania' >Romania<\/option><option value='Russia' >Russia<\/option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint Lucia<\/option><option value='Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/option><option value='Samoa' >Samoa<\/option><option value='San Marino' >San Marino<\/option><option value='Sao Tome and Principe' >Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value='Saudi Arabia' >Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value='Senegal' >Senegal<\/option><option value='Serbia' >Serbia<\/option><option value='Seychelles' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='Sierra Leone' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='Singapore' >Singapore<\/option><option value='Slovakia' >Slovakia<\/option><option value='Slovenia' >Slovenia<\/option><option value='Solomon Islands' >Solomon Islands<\/option><option value='Somalia' >Somalia<\/option><option value='South Africa' >South Africa<\/option><option value='Spain' >Spain<\/option><option value='Sri Lanka' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='Sudan' >Sudan<\/option><option value='South Sudan' >South Sudan<\/option><option value='Suriname' >Suriname<\/option><option value='Sweden' >Sweden<\/option><option 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