{"id":945,"date":"2020-03-04T06:35:05","date_gmt":"2020-03-04T06:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/?p=945"},"modified":"2023-04-05T10:56:04","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T10:56:04","slug":"in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study","title":{"rendered":"In-Situ Bioprinting \u2013 Patent Landscape Study"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The earliest tissue engineering evidence dates back to the old Sanskrit texts around 3000 BCE, wherein skin grafting was used to reconstruct facial features. Almost 5000 years later, the term tissue engineering was coined by bioengineer Yuan-Cheng Fung in a proposal to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">National Science Foundation (NSF)<\/a>. Ultimately, the publication of the review article titled \u201cTissue Engineering\u201d in 1993 by Robert Langer and Joseph Vacanti caused a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/onsite-ip-trainings-awareness\">widespread awareness<\/a><\/strong> of the technology, which resulted in an exponential increase in research and development. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Back in 2002,\nrealizing that the droplets of ink in a standard inkjet printer are about the\nsame size as human cells, Professor Makoto Nakamura decided to adapt the\ntechnology, and by 2008 had created a working bioprinter that could print out bio\ntubing similar to a blood vessel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28e32e92533\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a28e32e92533\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#What_is_Bioprinting_and_how_is_it_done\" >What is\nBioprinting and how is it done?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#Limitations_of_Bioprinting\" >Limitations of\nBioprinting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#Enter_In-situ_Bioprinting\" >Enter In-situ Bioprinting!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#Current_In-Situ_Technologies_Bioprinters\" >Current In-Situ\nTechnologies &amp; Bioprinters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#IP_Overview\" >IP Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#Success_Stories\" >Success\nStories<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#Risks_Future_Prospects\" >Risks &amp; Future\nProspects<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/in-situ-bioprinting-patent-landscape-study\/#Having_Queries_Contact_Us_Now\" >Having Queries? Contact Us Now!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Bioprinting_and_how_is_it_done\"><\/span><strong>What is\nBioprinting and how is it done?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bioprinting\nrefers to the fabrication of tissue or other biologically active materials and\nconstructs by developing dissolvable gel scaffolds with the use of an additive\nmanufacturing technology (AM); into which bioink (biomaterials like cells,\ngrowth factors, hydrogels, crosslinkers, Fibrinogen, ECM, etc.) is incorporated.\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The design of the construct is governed by predefined 3D models that have been scanned from live references and developed in computer aided design (CAD) software and printed using a 3D bioprinter. There are numerous studies and examples of successful application of bioprinted constructs such as prosthetics, stents, various tissues and organs such as bones, cartilage, myocardial tissues, heart valves, blood vessels and trachea using inkjet, laser sintering or extrusion printing technologies.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations_of_Bioprinting\"><\/span><strong>Limitations of\nBioprinting<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>3D bioprinting\ncomes with its drawbacks. As this method requires developing a functional organ\nin-vitro environment (using a bioreactor), the parameters have still not been\nrecognised. Moreover, the handling of these fragile constructs is a difficult\ntask, the risk of contamination and rejection by the recipient\u2019s body, incorrect\nshape and morphology due to low resolution imaging and printing systems are a\nfew of the many challenges faced by researchers working on this field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enter_In-situ_Bioprinting\"><\/span><strong>Enter In-situ Bioprinting!<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"372\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-11.png\" alt=\"In-situ Bioprinting\" class=\"wp-image-948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-11.png 372w, https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-11-300x131.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong> Source:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1742706119306105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1742706119306105<\/a> <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>To overcome the aforementioned problems in-situ bioprinting has sparked a medical revolution. In-situ bioprinting, sometimes referred to as \u201cin-vivo\u201d bioprinting is the process of directly printing bioink in the damaged tissue in the human body. One of the crucial advantages of this system is the elimination of an artificial micro-environment for printing as the human body here behaves as the in-vivo bioreactor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The idea was\nfirst proposed by Phil G Campbell and Lee E Weiss of Carnegie Mellon University\nin 2007 by using inkjet technology. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_In-Situ_Technologies_Bioprinters\"><\/span><strong>Current In-Situ\nTechnologies &amp; Bioprinters <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Current\nbioprinting techniques can be divided into three main categories, namely &#8211; Droplet-based\nBioprinting (DBB), Extrusion-based Bioprinting (EBB), and Laser-based Bioprinting\n(LBB). The selection is done on the basis of the target organ development. These\nmodalities can be implemented in two different approaches; robotic arm approach\nand handheld approach assembled with a separate bioprinting unit, which goes\ninto the body through minimally invasive routes and reconstructs the damaged\npart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Recognizing the need and the potential for this technology, 3D printer manufacturer Aerosint and precision laser micromachining specialist LASEA are collaborating to build an additive manufacturing system with in-situ laser ablation aided research grant of \u20ac1 million from the regional government of Wallonia, Belgium. <\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>A \u201cBiopen\u201d is another type of bioprinter that has been developed by Cathal D O&#8217;Connell of University of Wollongong for the handheld biofabrication of tissues, which enables the deposition of living cells and biomaterials in a manual, direct-write fashion. However, no in-situ printer has been commercialized for bioprinting in clinical settings.<\/em> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IP_Overview\"><\/span><strong>IP Overview<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sagaciousresearch.com\/patent-landscape-analysis-search-report\">patent landscape <\/a><\/strong>of the domain revealed that the technology is still protected yet rapidly growing with 30+ patent applications worldwide with around half of these applications been granted. The patents majorly focus on bioprinting systems comprising of bioprinters and stations that are capable of in-vivo printing. Most of the patents focus on robotic or automated systems rather than hand-held systems to improve accuracy. Skin regeneration and tissue reconstruction are the most explored application areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wake Forrest School of Medicine is the top player in the domain with 5 patent applications under their belt. Regenovo Biotechnology is following closely the in-situ bioprinting race with their live skin-repair bioprinting technology. Overall, China is leading the research in bioprinting with the highest number of patents in the domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Success_Stories\"><\/span><strong>Success\nStories<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wake Forrest School of Medicine\nhas developed a portable bedside skin printer with a team of bioprinting\nresearchers lead by Anthony Alata, partly funded by the US military. They have\ntaken 3D scans of test injuries inflicted on some mice and have used the data\nto control a bioprint head that has sprayed skin cells, a coagulant and\ncollagen onto the wounds which resulted in rapid wound healing in just two or\nthree weeks. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Another group of researchers\nand engineers led by Yusef Khesuani of Moscow Oncology Research Center\nconducted a unique experiment on implant in-situ bioprinting to replace skin\ndefects. As in-situ bioprinting technology combines surgical robotics with\nthree-dimensional bioprinting tissue grafts, in-situ poses to be a software and\ncomputer vision challenge as well.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A group of researchers from\nINSERM, France successfully printed endothelial cells using Laser-assisted\nBioprinting (LAB) into mouse calvaria bone defects to generate a pre-vascularization\nnetwork to aid in-vivo bone regeneration. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Risks_Future_Prospects\"><\/span><strong>Risks &amp; Future\nProspects<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In spite of the\nrapid technological development and numerous inventions, in-situ bioprinting is\nstill in its nascent stage and it has to overcome many hurdles before entering\nthe operation theatre of hospitals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Improved bioink\nhas to be developed as most of the current available bioinks require curing\nbefore implantation. Printing organs or tissues require a large number of cells\nalong with other biomaterials which require in-vitro cell expansion from the\npatient, resulting in a lot of ethical concerns. Constructing functional and\nreadily transplantable tissues is a very expensive process, which in turn will\nonly cater to the patients who can afford the treatment. Detailed scanned\ninformation of an individual will provide surgeons and corporations with\nextensive information about an individual which might lead to misuse of\ninformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This novel research field provides great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications where preoperative planning of construct size and shape is difficult or impossible to predict. Together with developments in nanotechnology and genetic engineering, artificial intelligence and IoT, advanced bioinks, improved scanning, advanced software, multiple axis printing bioprinting with high resolution and most importantly, strict regulatory laws may soon prove to be a powerful tool for those in pursuit of life extension. Overall, In-situ bioprinting has the potential to play a major role in organ formation and regeneration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Rajarshi Bhowal (Life Sciences Team) and the Editorial Team<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Having_Queries_Contact_Us_Now\"><\/span>Having Queries? 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id='input_203_17' class='large gfield_select'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" ><option value='' >Please Select Country<\/option><option value='United States' >United States<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='United Kingdom' >United Kingdom<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='North Korea' >North Korea<\/option><option value='South korea' >South korea<\/option><option value='United Arab Emirates' >United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Australia' >Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' >Austria<\/option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='The Bahamas' >The Bahamas<\/option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados<\/option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus<\/option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium<\/option><option value='Belize' >Belize<\/option><option value='Benin' >Benin<\/option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia<\/option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana<\/option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil<\/option><option value='Brunei' >Brunei<\/option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria<\/option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi<\/option><option value='Cabo Verde' >Cabo Verde<\/option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia<\/option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon<\/option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic<\/option><option value='Chad' >Chad<\/option><option value='Chile' >Chile<\/option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia<\/option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros<\/option><option value='Congo' >Congo<\/option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire' >C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire<\/option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia<\/option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba<\/option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus<\/option><option value='Czech Republic' >Czech Republic<\/option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark<\/option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica<\/option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic<\/option><option value='East Timor (Timor-Leste)' >East Timor (Timor-Leste)<\/option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador<\/option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt<\/option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador<\/option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial 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