“In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too), those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed.” – Charles Darwin.

Collaboration has invariably helped people to maneuver the most significant challenges and hurdles. Like all other human accomplishments, technology players have collaborated and enforced methodologies to avert any obstacles faced while creating innovation-driven sustainable businesses, to enable technology-driven societies. While innovation can be both an individual and collective endeavor, shaping the final consumer product/service demands collaborative innovation and coordinated policies and frameworks.

Evolution of Patents and Patenting

What we call patents were known as “royal grants of industrial monopolies” in the fifteenth century. Patents were first given their present status as “a legal right to property in a novel, mechanical or scientific invention” only in the late eighteenth century. Since then, patenting and patent enforcement processes have witnessed tremendous alterations at multiple intervals and levels.

In this evolution process, multiple strategies and frameworks were formed to streamline the development of modern-day technologies and the resultant end product. Such frameworks include Standards Development Organizations (SSO or SDO), patent pools, and many other consortiums and forums. These frameworks were established to foster the integration of highly distributed IP assets for the final adoption and harvesting of end technology.

SSOs focus on developing, publishing, or disseminating technical standards using a consensus-based standard development process. These include bodies like ETSI, ITU, 3GPP, amongst others. Similarly, a patent pool refers to a consortium of two or more patent owners to license one or more patents to one another or to third parties. These include entities like Avanci, MPEGLA, Marconi, among others, and in essence, has been created to avoid crushing patent lawsuits. For example, the “Sewing Machine Combination” of 1856 is regarded as the first modern patent pool in the United States and was created for the same infamous reasons.

To cater to the challenges from Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs or Patent trolls), defensive patent aggregators were formed, with the likes of RPX and AST, which have helped member organizations to avert frivolous assertions from such entities.

The discussion above emphasizes the need for collaboration to introduce technological advances. These partnerships have consistently paved the way towards continued innovation. However, many opponents argue that there are negative effects of these collaborations and their underlying frameworks.

Need For Deeper Collaboration

All the listed consortiums and forums have end-stage utility to ensure smoother technology adoption. However, with the proliferation of technologies across industry sectors, there’s a need for deeper collaboration, which come into action at the R&D level and prevent lawsuits and technology stagnation.

To understand the need for deeper collaboration, let’s understand this from the perspective of information and communications technology (ICT) proliferation, which exists in almost every industry sector.

As illustrated in the figure below, there are a couple of probable collaboration schemes possible. Instead of working in silos, any possible collaboration from the set of probabilities would have its set of pros and cons.

Figure: Probable industry collaboration

Let us assume the incorporated ICT technologies in the end automotive product don’t fall under the competitive area for either of the automotive players. Among one of those possibilities, imagine a scenario wherein the two automotive players initiate coordinated research into enabling ICT technologies to alleviate their absolute reliance on any ICT player, while continuing independent research in their mainstream industry segments. This strategy would help them merge their talent pool towards collaboratively building ICT technologies and leverage their core expertise to build breakthrough innovations in their competitive area. Given the current cross-domain applicability of technologies, this case scenario reiterates the scope for such a possibility in almost all industry sectors.

What are the Benefits?

Why would companies take initiatives to execute collaborative research and to develop collective patent portfolios to secure their market dominance? Her are a few of the benefits:

• Standardization from the beginning
• Effective adoption of the technology
• Patent pools in each industry streamlining technology/patent licensing
• Win-win situation for businesses and consumers

To achieve such strategic collaborations, industry players need to establish collaborative R&D frameworks and lay the foundation for the next generation of patenting, with the hope of building a better future for all.

Originally published on: https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/12/18/collaborative-patenting-future-ip-innovation/id=141243/